Best Practices for the First Day of Class: Creating a Sense of Belonging and an Engaging Learning Environment.

Best Practices for the First Day of Class: Creating a Sense of Belonging and an Engaging Learning Environment.

The What: Defining Effective First-Day Practices:

The first day of class is a great opportunity to shape how students experience your course, you as an instructor, and their own potential for success. What happens in that first class can send strong signals about what (and who) matters in your class.
Effective first-day practices intentionally:
  1. Welcome students into the learning environment
  2. Begin building community and connection
  3. Set expectations for active learning and participation
  4. Communicate a commitment to student success and belonging
  5. Gather information about who your students are and what they need
Research points to several activities that can be have a high impact on day one: creating a welcoming climate, using an interactive syllabus, incorporating active learning right away, supporting peer connections, explicitly addressing belonging and growth mindset, and using a student survey to inform your teaching (Addy et al., 2021; Lang, 2021; Wilson & Wilson, 2007).

Why do First-Day Practices matter?

First Impressions and Student Success

Students form strong, lasting impressions in the first class about your approachability, the difficulty of the course, and whether they can succeed (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). Those early impressions shape motivation and willingness to engage.

The first session also sets norms. A class that starts with lecture and policy reading suggests a passive course. A class that starts with thinking, discussing, and problem-solving signals that participation and engagement are expected (Nilson, 2016).

Belonging and Inclusive Pedagogy

A sense of belonging and of feeling seen, respected, and included are key predictors of engagement and persistence (Strayhorn, 2018). This is especially important for students who may already be questioning whether they “fit” in college or in your discipline.

Inclusive teaching starts by seeing students as whole people. First-day surveys that ask about work and caregiving responsibilities, commute, learning history, and goals communicate: “I am designing this course with you in mind” (Dewsbury, 2017). Practices such as learning and using students’ names, acknowledging varied pathways to college, and stating that all students can succeed help disrupt deficit narratives (Addy et al., 2021). (Read about implementing an Empathy Map)

Active Learning and Cognitive Engagement

When students engage with disciplinary ideas on day one, they immediately take up the role of learners rather than passive recipients of information. Early active learning:

  1. Surfaces prior knowledge and misconceptions
  2. Signals that participation is the norm
  3. Gives you quick, low-stakes formative feedback (Freeman et al., 2014; Brown et al., 2014)

The Power of Knowing Your Students

First-day or first-week surveys give you concrete information to design more equitable learning experiences. Knowing how many students hold part-time or full-time jobs, share devices, or commute significant distances helps you make better decisions about deadlines, group work, and access to course materials (Dewsbury & Brame, 2019). (You can find a survey developed by Killpack and Melon as an attachment)

Just as important as asking for information to better design our courses, is the message the students get. It shows students that their circumstances and perspectives matter (Sathy & Hogan, 2022).

How do I implement effective first-day practices?

Before Students Arrive

Set up your physical and digital spaces to communicate welcome and readiness:

  • Test technology and open any tools you plan to use.

  • Arrange the room, when possible, to support interaction.

  • Display a slide or board message with the course name, your name, and a simple prompt (e.g., “What do you hope to learn in this course?”).

This helps early arrivals feel oriented and quietly introduces the expectation of engagement.

Opening Moments: Establishing Connection

Greet students as they enter or as they settle. Even brief eye contact and a “How are you? I'm happy you are here” increases perceptions of approachability (Bonem et al., 2017).

Begin learning names using a seating chart, name tents, or repeated introductions. When you introduce yourself, share both your role, why you love and care about this course, why this subject matters, and why you enjoy teaching it. Aim for expertise with warmth rather than distance (Hagenauer & Volet, 2014).

Making the Syllabus Interactive

Treat the syllabus as a tool students will use. You might:

  • Syllabus scavenger hunt: Students work in pairs to locate key information (contact methods, late work, where to find assignments).

  • Syllabus Quiz: Students answer questions about the course using the syllabus as a reference

  • Policy rationale: Briefly explain the reas
    oning behind major policies.

  • Question prompts: Ask students to write one question or concern about the syllabus.

  • Scenarios: Present a few realistic situations and have students use the syllabus to decide what to do.

These strategies help students actually interact with essential information and model your expectations for active engagement.

Incorporating Active Learning Immediately

Include at least one content-related activity on day one (even 10 minutes is enough):

  • A quick retrieval prompt (“Write down three things you already know about…”).

  • A think–pair–share on a big-course question.

  • A short case, example, or problem for students to analyze in pairs or small groups.

The specific activity can be simple. The key is that students leave having thought about and worked with ideas from your field.

Building Community and Connection

Use structured, low-risk activities to help students connect:

  • Guided introductions (preferred name, major, one hope for the course).

  • A brief “find someone who…” activity that normalizes diverse experiences (e.g., “Find someone who works off campus”).

  • A “study buddy” exchange with 2–3 nearby classmates.

These small moves help students feel less anonymous and create a peer network they can rely on later (Tinto, 2017).

Addressing Belonging and Growth Mindset

Talk explicitly about challenge, growth, and support. For example:

  • “This course will be challenging at times. Struggle is a normal part of learning, not a sign you don’t belong.”

  • “My role is to provide structure, practice, and feedback; your role is to engage, ask questions, and use available resources.”

Briefly share a time you struggled to learn something related to your discipline, and highlight campus supports and office hours as smart strategies (Dweck, 2016; Steele, 2010).

Ending with Clarity and Curiosity

Close with a clear, concise checklist:

  • What to do before the next class

  • Where to find materials and announcements

  • How to contact you and when you’re available

If possible, end with a brief preview or intriguing question that points toward what the course is about.

Following Up After Class

Send a short follow-up message within 24 hours that:

  • Reiterates your welcome and enthusiasm

  • Recaps key next steps and deadlines

  • Links to the syllabus, course site, and survey

  • Reminds students how to reach you

References

Addy, T. M., Dube, D., Mitchell, K. A., & SoRelle, M. E. (2021). What inclusive instructors do: Principles and practices for excellence in college teaching. Stylus Publishing.

Bonem, E. M., Fedesco, H. N., & Zissimopoulos, A. N. (2017). What you do is less important than how you do it: The effects of learning environment on student outcomes. The Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 17(4), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v17i4.21234

Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make it stick: The science of successful learning. Harvard University Press.

Dewsbury, B. M. (2017). On faculty development of STEM inclusive teaching practices. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 364(18), fnx179. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnx179

Dewsbury, B. M., & Brame, C. J. (2019). Inclusive teaching. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 18(2), fe2. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-01-0021

Dweck, C. S. (2016). Mindset: The new psychology of success (Updated ed.). Random House.

Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(23), 8410–8415. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111

Hagenauer, G., & Volet, S. E. (2014). Teacher-student relationship at university: An important yet under-researched field. Oxford Review of Education, 40(3), 370–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2014.921613

Lang, J. M. (2021). Small teaching: Everyday lessons from the science of learning (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

McGinley, J. J., & Jones, B. D. (2014). A brief instructional intervention to increase students' motivation on the first day of class. Teaching of Psychology, 41(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628314530350

Nilson, L. B. (2016). Teaching at its best: A research-based resource for college instructors (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Sathy, V., & Hogan, K. A. (2022). Inclusive teaching: Strategies for promoting equity in the college classroom. West Virginia University Press.

Steele, C. M. (2010). Whistling Vivaldi: How stereotypes affect us and what we can do. W. W. Norton & Company.

Strayhorn, T. L. (2018). College students' sense of belonging: A key to educational success for all students (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Tinto, V. (2017). Through the eyes of students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(3), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115621917

Wilson, J. H., & Wilson, S. B. (2007). The first day of class affects student motivation: An experimental study. Teaching of Psychology, 34(4), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280701700151